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The effect of long-term morphine and its withdrawal on selected signaling proteins in rat heart
Ilková, Karolina ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Černá, Věra (referee)
Morphine is considered the gold standard among analgesics in the treatment of severe pain due to its effects mediated by μ-opioid receptors. However, it also produces various side effects and poses a high risk of developing tolerance and dependence. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to contribute to the elucidation of the action of morphine at the molecular level in cardiac muscle. Changes of protein levels in key signaling molecules in the signaling cascade induced by morphine administration with increasing doses and subsequent abstinence for 24 hours, 1 month and 3 months were investigated. Specifically, these were adenosine A2b receptor, β2-adrenergic receptor, κ-opioid receptor, G protein subunits, GRK5 kinase, and β-arrestin 2. Data of changes in expression were obtained from cardiac tissue homogenates (left ventricle) by Western blot followed by immunodetection, captured on light-sensitive photofilms, and statistically evaluated by ANOVA. Morphine administration did not lead to statistically significant changes in G protein subunits, β- arrestin 2, GRK5 kinase, adenosine A2b receptor, β2-adrenergic receptor, or κ-opioid receptor in rat heart. Therefore in order to develop better and safer analgesics, there is a high necessity of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of morphine...
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Knowledge of selected high school students on the effects and health risks of alcohol and tobacco products usage
Freslová, Veronika ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
This thesis deals with the issues of alcohol and tobacco use, their effects on the organism and the associated health risks. The aim of the work, based on information gathered from empirical research, is to map the level of knowledge among secondary school students about the risks of using alcohol and tobacco products and their effects on health. The theoretical basis of this thesis is based on the available professional literature devoted to this topic, at the same time it relies on empirical experience gained from the practice. As part of the empirical part, the thesis involves a questionnaire survey involving volunteers from the pupils of the Secondary Vocational School of Catering in Říčany. By summarising the results of the research investigation, it can be said that general knowledge and information about both alcohol and tobacco products and their effects on health is available to users. Surprisingly, across ages or social groups, smoking is generally tolerated by society as opposed to drinking alcohol. The explanation lies in the fact that smoking does not affect the user's judgement. It can therefore be said that smoking is considered a normal part of everyday life by the respondents asked. In contrast, they are more likely to use alcohol under the influence of a social group and to fit in...
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Information and experience of the adult population with cannabis as a drug and as a medicine.
NĚMCOVÁ, Kateřina
The title of my diploma thesis is "Awareness and experience of the adult population with cannabis as a drug and as a medicine". It is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part includes two areas. The first one is related to cannabis as a drug. Therefore, it contains chapters on cannabis itself, its effects, users and the possible effects that could occur if used more frequently. Especially about the effects on the mental and physical conditions of the organism. The second area is focused on the aspects of treatment. How is cannabis used in the treatment, in what diseases it brings relief and how is the doctor's relationship to cannabis in the Czech Republic. It also discusses the process of its legalization. The practical part reveals the experience and awareness of adult respondents about cannabis as a drug and also their awareness of therapeutic effects. I obtained the data through a quantitative method. The anonymous questionnaire used for obtaining the information, is supplemented by hypotheses, which will be statistically evaluated in the results chapter.
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Rat gut microbiome composition and metabolic faecal markers upon morphine withdrawal
Mičke, Bianka ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Pácha, Jiří (referee)
The primary purpose of this pilot study was a long-term monitoring of the gut microbiome composition and fecal markers of metabolism in rats following the completion of 10-day intraperitoneal administration of increasing morphine doses (from 10 to 50 mg/kg/day) and in the corresponding control groups of rats that didn't administrate morphine. This study involved the introduction of new methods for microbiome and metabolome research, statistical evaluation of results and interpretation of data, or hypothesis to explain the effects of morphine on the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome composition compared to the resulting data of similarly oriented studies. The actual experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats aged 2 months and weighing approximately 300 g, which were maintained on a standard chow diet. The analysis and evaluation of the resulting data showed that there were changes in the composition of the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome in the experimental group compared to the control group during the reporting period but the induced changes were rather temporary. Further studies should be performed using a significantly larger experimental and control group as well as higher time series granularity. Keywords: morphine, opioids, withdrawal, gut microbiome, faecal metabolome
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Immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of selected signaling molecules in rat brain: the effect of morphine withdrawal
Přítulová, Eliška ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Mrózková, Petra (referee)
Morphine is one of the most commonly used analgesics for pain, but its clinical use may be accompanied by the development of tolerance and dependence. Abuse of morphine can then lead to the development of severe withdrawal symptoms. Given the knowledge gathered so far, morphine addiction research often examines the impact on areas of the brain involved in the reward system. The main goal of this work was to investigate the effect of long-term administration of morphine and morphine withdrawal on certain signaling molecules that are related to the molecular action of opioids in selected areas of the rat brain. We focused on the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and its active phosphorylated form (pCREB), as well as on G-protein signaling regulator RGS4. Our results indicated that morphine administration may cause a decrease in CREB expression in the basolateral amygdala in morphine-affected rats. We also found a reduction in CREB phosphorylation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, possibly due to morphine withdrawal for three months. In this study, we did not observe any statistically significant changes in RGS4 expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus due to morphine administration and subsequent morphine withdrawal. Key words: morphine, dependence, withdrawal, rat brain,...
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Withdrawal from a contrant in business relations (consequences)
Vacek, Jan ; Čech, Petr (advisor) ; Horáček, Tomáš (referee)
Withdrawal from contract in business relations (consequences) Summary Withdrawal from a contract i the instute available to parties that find a contract to be unsound or damaging and that seek to be released from their contractual obligations. The conditions under which a party has the right to withdraw from a contract can be set out in the contract itself, but if the contract does not make specific provision for this then a right to withdrawal may be mandated by law. Following a party's withdrawal from a contract, both (or all) parties will find themselves in a new situation with new mutual rights and obligations. This paper focuses on the regulations governing the consequences of withdrawal from a contract as set out in the Czech Commercial Code. A major aspect of this is an analysis of the theoretical conception of withdrawal ex nunc (one of the most important legal concepts distinguishing current commercial regulations from the regulations set out in the General Civil Code). This paper examines the obligations that end with contract withdrawal, the obligations that survive and outlast the termination of a contract, and the new obligations that bind and affect the parties to the contract once the contract has been terminated by withdrawal. In these contexts, the fate of hedging instruments (such as...
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The effect of morphine withdrawal on the catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter system in rat brain
Nováková, Daniela ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Drastichová, Zdeňka (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to study the effect of morphine withdrawal on catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter system in rat brain. Theoretical part of this thesis summarizes basic information known about principles of neurotransmission with focus on the catecholaminergic and serotonergic system, metabolism of its components, their signaling, relevant receptors, their distribution, and especially their effect on morphine dependence and subsequent withdrawal. It also summarizes briefly principles of opioid signaling and outlines the findings yet known about neurochemical analysis of the transmitter systems mentioned above. Experimental part of this thesis is focused on the optimization of the method of high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and its subsequent use to determine basic components of catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter system in samples of different part of brain of rats affected by intraperitoneal administration of morphine sulphate, and its subsequent withdrawal and correspondings unaffected control rats. The expression of selected catecholaminergic receptors in identical samples is also detected. This thesis succesfully implements gradient into the originally isocratic method of high performance liquid chromatography...
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Legal Aspects of Withdrawal from the EU
CHVÁTALOVÁ, Karolína
The thesis Legal Aspects of Withdrawal from the EU is divided into two parts. The theoretical part sums up the legislation of the withdrawal according to article 5O of the Lisbon Treaty. There is also an example of withdrawal from the EU before the article 50 has been even applied. The section dedicated to the practical results attained from the research was completed by analysing existing preferential agreements, which the UK has owing to EU, as any other member state. Then the same analysis has been carried out with existing preferential agreements, that the UK concluded with third countries. There has been done a forecast of the trade balance and its effect on GDP for the next two years according to the prediction of the Bank of England.
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Exclusion And Withdrawal of Members And Cancellation of Their Membership In a Limited Liability Company
Novopacký, Daniel ; Čech, Petr (advisor) ; Štenglová, Ivanka (referee)
Exclusion And Withdrawal of Members And Cancellation of Their Membership In a Limited Liability Company Abstract This thesis aims to analyze current legislation of exclusion and withdrawal of members and cancellation of their membership in a limited liability company. Although comparing the current legislation with the previous one is not the purpose of the thesis, such comparison is provided in several places. The purpose is to show the same or, conversely, different features of both, particularly in relation to the applicability of existing case law and doctrinal interpretation. The work consists of three main chapters that form a coherent wholes. The first chapter is devoted to the withdrawal of a member of a limited liability company and is further divided into several sub-chapters. It deals with the legal aspects of the withdrawal of a member under the Czech legislativ. It describes in detail the various reasons of the withdrawal and also offers some suggestions de lege ferenda. The second chapter focuses on the exclusion of a shareholder of a limited liability company by the general meeting. It brings an analysis of legislation, describes the procedure of exclusion and analyzes the available case law. The third chapter, entitled "Termination of participation of a member of a limited liability company...
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Withdrawal from a contrant in business relations (consequences)
Vacek, Jan ; Čech, Petr (advisor) ; Horáček, Tomáš (referee)
Withdrawal from contract in business relations (consequences) Summary Withdrawal from a contract i the instute available to parties that find a contract to be unsound or damaging and that seek to be released from their contractual obligations. The conditions under which a party has the right to withdraw from a contract can be set out in the contract itself, but if the contract does not make specific provision for this then a right to withdrawal may be mandated by law. Following a party's withdrawal from a contract, both (or all) parties will find themselves in a new situation with new mutual rights and obligations. This paper focuses on the regulations governing the consequences of withdrawal from a contract as set out in the Czech Commercial Code. A major aspect of this is an analysis of the theoretical conception of withdrawal ex nunc (one of the most important legal concepts distinguishing current commercial regulations from the regulations set out in the General Civil Code). This paper examines the obligations that end with contract withdrawal, the obligations that survive and outlast the termination of a contract, and the new obligations that bind and affect the parties to the contract once the contract has been terminated by withdrawal. In these contexts, the fate of hedging instruments (such as...
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